Nearly nine in ten major ports globally are exposed to damaging climate hazards, resulting in escalating economic impacts on global trade, according to new research from the University of Oxford’s Environmental Change Institute (ECI).

The climate risk totals $7.6 billion per year, most of which is attributed to tropical cyclones and river flooding of ports, the study reported. On top of the physical damages, port downtime associated with natural hazards puts trade worth $67 billion at risk every year, which could result in costly delays, revenue losses, and impacts to the wider economy.

"Luckily, initiatives are ongoing to upgrade outdated and inefficient port infrastructure at many ports. However, these efforts fall short given the expected climate change challenges ports will face over the next few decades." Research lead Jasper Verschuur

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