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COVER STORY

























            Exhibit 3
            Customer booking patterns are evolving post-pandemic.
            Customer booking patterns are evolving post-pandemic
            Customer booking patterns are evolving post-pandemic.

            A cargo airline case study: cumulative booked weight by days until departure, % of total weight

                                                                                   2019    2021   2022
             100
                                               Higher visibility 1 week out
                                               (+13 percentage points vs 2019)
             80
                  Booking levels accelerated early on
             60



             40


             20


              0
                21  20  19  18   17  16  15  14  13   12  11  10  9    8   7   6   5   4   3    2   1   0
                                                   Days until departure                                        Credit: McKinsey

             Source: FLYR Labs

            McKinsey & Company
         on a new approach to digital, and on   2030s, that of India," says a report by Trade   5.7 percent, respectively, air cargo  traffic
         ensuring that the customer remains   and Transport Group.           with its biggest trading partner, Europe,
         centre stage when making revenue-   "A combination of things need to   will grow more slowly at 3-3.2 percent
         management decisions."            change for the African market to go   per year, the report said. "Turkiye and the
            provided cargo on the same lane 12 days before    that are booked to fill a flight have the highest
                                           beyond the two percent market share,"
                                                                             UAE also offer strong growth potential for
         AFRICAN CARGO MARKET:             says Sanjeev Gadhia, CEO, Astral   Africa air trade, given the commanding
                                                              yield. This means that pricing and revenue-
            departure, but the revenue-management team
         UNTAPPED, HUGE                    Aviation. "African airlines need to invest   Africa market presence of the airlines from
                                                              management decisions made in this timeframe
            notices on day 10 that the customer has not
         POTENTIAL                         in freighters to increase the capacity for   those two countries."
            provided the cargo—it is time to act. Sales teams
                                                              have the most potential to either be very
         With over 1.4 billion people, expected to   air-cargo to, from and within Africa.
                                                              profitable or leave value on the table.
            could contact the customer and ask what they
         increase by 170 million by 2026, Africa   African airlines need to expand their   OUTLOOK
            need, if their needs have changed, or how the
         still accounts for only two percent of air   networks to Asia, Middle East and USA   African flower exports have
         cargo trade.                      besides the existing focus on Europe.   underperformed compared to Latin
                                                              McKinsey analysis suggests that if airlines can
            airline could tailor its products. Processes need
           "Yet that share belies its enormous-yet-  Liberalisation and open skies in addition   American flower exporters, says the report
                                                              focus on the yields that are below average in the
            to be in place to alert the sales team if a flight is
         seemingly-elusive promise. By the early   to reducing taxes will result in growth."  by Trade and Transport Group. If national
                                                              last week before departure, and improve this by
            not filling up as expected or to signal that they
         2030s, Africa’s working age  population   Africa's air cargo traffic with China and   and regional export promotional efforts
                                           India is expected to grow annually by 5.4- en overall revenue can increase by
            need to review pricing guidelin
         will exceed that of China, and by the late es if a flight is   30 percent, th  could be bolstered, it is conceivable that
            filling up too quickly.                           between 7 and 8 percent.
       8 LUA                                                                                     MAY - JUNE 2023
            There is significant value at stake from acting   In today’s market, airlines need to be extremely
            at the right time. In an industry where critical   fast to respond to shifts in supply and demand,
            decisions are made in the last week before a      and make the most of sudden opportunities, but
            flight, airlines need to be agile and well-informed.   decisions need to be carefully calculated. Airlines
            Typically, yield volatility is at its highest in the last   would benefit from having the data and analytics
            week—the spread is relatively stable until five   in place to enhance decision making, and also
            days before departure when it starts to widen     by having internal processes and a decision
            (Exhibit 4). Often, the final cargo shipments     framework in place to coordinate among sales,





 6          Ahead of the curve: Getting cargo revenue management right as the cycle turns
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